Teaching practices

Teaching practice is core to our work as a university. Quality teaching engages students, challenging them to ask questions, to explore new ideas and to reflect on their learning. What does it mean to be a quality teacher?

Effective teachers

You can be a more effective teacher if you can:

  • make the intention of the learning clear
  • provide clear success indicators
  • provide multiple ways of engaging with knowledge and difference  (Hattie, 2009).
  • identify significant learning for students, and focus on this big learning
  • teach your students how to learn, how to ask good questions, and how to actively engage with content  (Fink, 2013)
  • have clear beliefs about teaching and learning, and understand how your beliefs create different teaching approaches
  • match your teaching approach to the nature of the knowledge you are teaching (Pauler-Kuppinger, 2017).

Teaching is an intentional and challenging task. You need to:

  • plan your activities
  • use different strategies
  • choose different approaches
  • develop a tool kit of practices that mean you can provide students with different learning opportunities.

Four core elements of teaching

1

Learning/knowledge

As a teacher, you also need to be a learner! To teach you need to have knowledge of and  continue to learn about your discipline or field. The deeper your knowledge the deeper your understanding of the content, enabling you to teach learners more than information. As a teacher you will also need to know how to teach students to learn.

2

Authority and order

Confidence in your knowledge helps you to manage groups  and provide structure and a framework for learners. Learners depend on you to know the direction and purpose of the activity, and to be support them as they learn the content.

3

Imagination, humour and pleasure

Learners will respond to your passion, and will engage when the learning is enjoyable, and surprising. Teaching is creative, as you will be challenged to think of new ways to invite learners into your lesson, new ways to introduce material and new ways to challenge learners to think and grapple with their own learning.

4

Compassion and patience

Being aware of the learners in your class and their learning needs as well as their circumstances means you are able to  support them to achieve the best outcomes. Learning is difficult, and learners need teachers who support them, coach them and celebrate their successes. Listening and responding to them as individuals allows you to teach them for success.

Bloom's Taxonomy

Revised Blooms Taxonomy

Having a framework to help you structure your questions can ensure the questions you plan to ask are at different levels of thinking, and ask students to do different tasks.

Bloom's Taxonomy provides a range of question stems/verbs to help you construct good questions that encourage learners to think.

These links provide you with a range of different questions forms and stems.

Tools of Practice

These tools build your presence with the students and you can utilise them to engage students and to show them you also are engaged in the teaching.

The tone, volume, pace and clarity of your voice is a key tool in your teaching tool kit. Learners respond to the way you speak, and you can use your voice to calm a group, to gain attention, to invite interaction.

Teaching is performative. Your stance, your posture, your gestures all encourage learners to pay attention and to follow your movements. Rather than stand still, move around the space and to emphasise your content.

When teaching online you can still use your position in front of the camera- be relaxed, but visible to students. Move your hands and gesture; be aware of your facial expression and your camera position.

Engages students, can draw attention, indicates interest. Especially online, your face needs to be clear, and you need to be looking directly at the camera. Avoid looking at something beyond your screen - to the learners this looks as if you are not engaging with them.

Having a framework to help you structure your questions can ensure the questions you plan to ask are at different levels of thinking, and ask students to do different tasks.

Bloom's Taxonomy provides a range of question stems/verbs to help you construct good questions that encourage learners to think.

These links provide you with a range of different questions forms and stems.

These questions will:

  • allow you to check in with student attention and understanding; throw the thinking back to students
  • invite deeper exploration of content
  • clarify content and encourage inquiry
  • create opportunities for meta-cognition, connections and support critical thinking
  • offer different levels of learning
  • challenge perspectives, open possibilities.

Wait time is a tool that opens space for learners to engage. When you ask a question, wait 1-2 minutes for learners to think, form a response and then offer their idea. Be patient - allowing thinking time is key to student learning.

Use pauses to punctuate your teaching, so that learners are able to also pause, and consider what you have been teaching them. At the end of your teaching time, stop 3-4 minutes early and ask learners to write down the most important things they have learned in the session.

Pausing mid-class and asking students 4 questions can provide them with the chance to reflect on their learning, to share what they are thinking and to clarify misunderstandings. You will know whether you need to revisit content, or to provide time for learners to explore further. Useful questions include:

  1. What have you learned?
  2. What is working for you?
  3. What are your gaps?
  4. How will you use this content?

Mix up the way you present content. Use images, media clips, audio files and props to create energy and encourage different learners to connect with the material. This can also add some humour, which learners will remember and use to recall learning.

Practice listening to learners as they discuss an idea, or respond to a question to find out what they know, and their understanding of the content. Listening informs your teaching.

Begin each learning session with an activity that tells you what learners already know, or think, about the topic. You will be able to tell how much your students know about the topic, and their ideas about it. It will engage them and connect them with the content.

For more ideas about teaching practice, you can:

  • One of the key practices you will take up as a teacher.
  • Allows you to build awareness of your strengths as a teacher, and to address the areas that need some work.
  • Ask yourself:
    • What was planned/did you do?
    • How did it go?
    • What worked?
    • What didn't?
    • What have others said about this area?
    • What will I do next?
    • Where will you take the learning next?

Whoever teaches learns in the act of teaching, and whoever learns teaches in the act of learning. Teaching and learning are reciprocal acts.

- Paulo Freire -

References