Peer review is defined by the Code as, "the impartial and independent assessment of research by others working in the same or a related field". The peer review process is supported and driven by the Principles of Peer Review (the Principles). These are eight statements, established by the NHMRC that guide the review process.

To encourage and support the implementation of the Code, the NHMRC released the Peer Review: A guide supporting the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.

Participating in peer review is an essential aspect of being a researcher, and those awarded public funding may have a responsibility to be involved in the process.

Within Charles Sturt, peer review plays a crucial role in the discussion and assessment of various research activities. This includes looking at proposals and applications, reviewing material for publication, and evaluating research done by Higher Degree Research (HDR) students, individual researchers, research teams, academic units, and the university.

Peer review by researchers with the appropriate expertise ensures that research is reported accurately, thoroughly, and credibly. This system also underpins the decisions made by government bodies regarding research quality, impact, and engagement. By participating in peer review, we contribute to maintaining high standards and support the academic community.